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p 6 ( Re s e a rch s u m m a r y ( T he gov ern o r s I jt ih a d i n pre s e n t d ay ) P rep a red b y A bdu l - R a h m a n A l - R o u m i Super vi s i o n o f P r o f . M a her A l - H o li T his diss er t a tion d ea ls w ith a n i m po r t a nt issu e w hi c h is T h e gov er no r s ( H ea d o f S t a t e ) I j tih a d in p re s e nt d a y th e sub j ec t s i m po r t a n ce sp r ings out o f th e fac t th a t it c o m bin e s b e t w ee n t w o s c i e n ce s o f g rea t signi f i ca n ce in S h ar i a w hi c h are : Sc i e n ce o f j u r isp r ud e n ce re p re s e nt e d in I j tih a d a nd th e politi ca l s c i e n ce l e giti m ac y re p re s e nt e d in th e m ost cr iti ca l politi ca l positions w hi c h is th e g rea t gu ar di a nship h ea d o f st a t e . T his issu e is c los e l y re l a t e d to th e n a tion a nd it a ss e ss th e i r int ere sts this p a p er is c on cer n e d w ith th e gov er no r s I j tih a d in st a t e affa i r s a nd it s politi c s m a king d ec isions a nd e n ac t re gul a tion a nd th e c ont e m po rar y p er m issions a nd tools w hi c h c ont r ols its s y st e m . T his re s earc h c onsists o f a n int r odu c tion f ou r c h a pt er s a nd a c on c lusion . T h e f i r st c h a pt er in c lud e s f ou r s ec tions in th e f i r st s ec tion th e d ef inition o f I j tih a d . I n th e s ec ond s ec tion I dis c uss e d th e st a bilit y a nd f l e xibilit y in I j tih a d . I n th e thi r d s ec tion I e xpl a in e d th e i m po r t a n ce o f I j tih a d no w a d a y s . I n th e f ou r th s ec tion I t a lk e d a bout w h a t j usti f i e s I j tih a d a nd it s c ont e m po rar y area s . T h e s ec ond c h a pt er is c on cer n e d in th e gov er no r s I j tih a d it c onsists o f f iv e s ec tions . T h e f i r st s ec tion st a t e d th e d ef inition o f th e gov er no r h ea d o f st a t e a nd e xpl a ins th e t er m s o f his re ign a lso his r ights a nd his duti e s . I n th e s ec ond s ec tion I sho w e d th e l e giti m ac y o f th e gov er no r s I j tih a d a nd its i m po r t a n ce . I n th e thi r d s ec tion I m e ntion e d th e m ost i m po r t a nt f ound a tion o f th e gov er no r s I j tih a d a nd it s f i e lds . T h e n I t a lk e d a bout th e c onditions o f I j tih a d in th e f ou r th s ec tion . I c on c lud e d th e c h a pt er b y t a lking th e c h a ng e in th e gov er no r s I j tih a d a nd th e r ul e re s c ind e d . I n th e thi r d c h a pt er I t a lk e d a bout th e m ost c ont e m po rar y p r o m in e nt tools o f th e gov er no r s I j tih a d w ithin f ou r c h a pt er s . th e f i r st on e dis c uss e d a n i m po r t a nt tool w hi c h is S hu ra . I t a lk e d a bout ho w m u c h its oblig a to r y f o r th e gov er no r to us e . I n th e s ec ond s ec tion I t a lk e d a bout th e l e giti m a t e c onsult a nts th e i m po r t a n ce o f f ollo w ing th e m . T h e thi r d s ec tion t a lk e d a bout th e L e gisl a tiv e bodi e s a nd th e cr it er i a to p ar ti c ip a t e a nd it s re l a tion w ith th e gov er no r s I j tih a d . I f inish e d w ith th e f ou r th s ec tion t a lking a bout c oll ec tiv e I j tih a d it s a nd th e i m po r t a n ce o f m od er n

p 6 ). j u r isp r ud e nti a l aca d e m i e s . T h e f ou r th c h a pt er is divid e d into t w o s ec tions th e f i r st a dd re ss e d a c ont e m po rar y issu e w hi c h is th e gov er no r ra tioning o f do c t r in a l p r ovisions in th e s ec ond on e I m e ntion e d so m e o f th e m ost not a bl e a ppli ca tions o f I j tih a d so I t a lk e d a bout p r i c ing T a z i r a nd p er m issibl e re st r i c tion . T his diss er t a tion is f inish e d w ith a c on c lusion w hi c h a dd re ss e d th e m ost i m po r t a nt re sults a nd rec o mm e nd a tion a s sho w n in pl ace .